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Monday, August 24, 2020
Knotts Berry Farm free essay sample
At the point when you initially enter the recreation center you are over whelmed by the smell of cinnamon rolls. After you step Into the recreation center the smell of cinnamon Is no longer In your nose, the smell of seared chicken enters your nose. While you advance towards Bigot rapids the smell of water causes you to feel cold and tense. As you proceed with the excursion around the recreation center you smell smoke and think something is ablaze, however the smoke is from the train ride that is by Splash Mountain. Seeing the sign makes you so energized for your day that is going to come.Waiting in line for your ticket makes you considerably progressively energized, to where you are Jumping here and there. You got your tickets and you are going to enter the recreation center then you see the lines of individuals stand by to get into the recreation center. We will compose a custom article test on Knotts Berry Farm or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The butterfly in your stomach quit vacillating for a brief period, at regular intervals you are taking a gander at the clock and you get more energized than before when the entryways open to the recreation center. The exact moment you see the entryways move you begin to act like It Is the most Important day of your life. The security door requests your ticket ND they tear your ticket, Immediately youre saying I need go on that ride. The sound of individuals shouting on rides makes you need to go on the rides even more. The rides clicking and rattling gives you a shudder of energy when you hear them. Brush impact in your ear and you see a crazy ride directly above you. The jingling of food stands takes you to a perspective that you will locate that jingling stand and get something from it. The sound of individuals saying that ride was amazing!Makes you get in line for the ride they just got off of. While you are holding up in line the Jingling draws nearer to you and you see the truck, yet you are in the line. The Jingling insults you until you get to the front of the line the woman on the radio says attach your pens and appreciate the ride. You are off The breeze blowing past your ears like youre in a vehicle with your head out of the window. The clicking and clattering of the crazy rides thunder the ground. As you get In line for your tickets you clutch the post that Is so cool when you first touch them.The clerk hand s you your ticket ND when you get the ticket It feels Like she Just gave enchantment to you. As you are holding up in line to enter then you glance over to the clock and each time the hand moves the earth appears to come to the heart of the matter where just the recreation center and the various individuals standing by to go into the recreation center are left. Bunches Berry Farm By masterstroke After you step into the recreation center the smell of cinnamon is no longer in your demonstration like it is the most significant day of your life. The security door requests your ticket and they tear your ticket, promptly youre saying I need go on that ride.The sound Broom impact in your ear and you see an exciting ride directly above you. The Jingling of food stands takes you to a perspective that you will locate that Jingling stand and get in line for the ride they Just got off of. While you are holding up in line the Jingling gets thrill rides thunder the ground. As you get in line for your tickets you clutch the post that is so chilly when you first touch them. The clerk hand s you your ticket and when you get the ticket it feels like she Just gave enchantment to you.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
How to Evaluate Research Articles
Question - Find a unique research article (ie NOT a survey) that gives proof to respond to the inquiry. Give the full reference for the article first, and afterward utilizing the academic writing to help your work, answer the accompanying inquiries - 1. What is the examination configuration utilized in the article? 2. What strategies did the analyst/s use to gather and dissect their information, and why? 3. What are the key discoveries of the examination? 4. How do these discoveries help to respond to your clinical inquiry, considering your populace and work on setting? Answer - The exploration study that has been considered in suitably addressing the topic of proof based practice in nursing care is making a culture of proof based practice and nursing research in a pediatric emergency clinic composed by Straka, Brandt and Beytus (2013). A basic investigation of the chose article concerning various elements identified with it is proceeded as follows: Study Design Used in the Article: A basic investigation of the chose article has performed has shown that the examination plan that has been considered by the writers in the investigation is exploratory research structure. The fundamental focal point of the writers in the article was mostly towards building up a culture of proof based practice in regard to nursing care, and this has been dissected by the writers by method of applying exploratory research plan. The examination demonstrates that there is higher by and large significance of building up a proof based condition in regard to nursing care, and yet, it has likewise been shown that the advancement of proof based practice includes difficulties simultaneously. So as to assess this, review configuration has been viewed as that were appropriated to staff nurture so as to evaluate the obstructions in rehearsing the proof based practice, and research in every day practice. Based on discoveries, a dispersal plan has been actualized over a time of 1 year time that ga ve chances to staff in executing proof based practice over such period. The review was dispersed again after the one year time frame and this pre and post overview results were considered to break down the difficulties in the making of proof based culture in regard to nursing care. Consequently, the test explore configuration has been viewed as which has been powerful from the perspective of playing out this examination (Schyve, 2009). Strategies Used for Collection and Analysis of Data: In playing out the exploration work, it is basic that there ought to be the assortment of information that ought to be performed by specialist, and there are different such procedures that could be used. In regard to this exploration on analyzing the production of culture of proof based condition in nursing care, the scientist has followed a particular procedure planned for gathering the most significant information in this examination. Concerning example, there has been the utilization of review method being performed by the creators in the given investigation and this procedure has permitted in the assortment of essential information in this exploration. Such overview strategy has been applied to the staff nurture in regard to a pediatric clinic. The review has been completed in two distinct stages to assess the longitudinal impact of making a culture of proof based condition in regard to the nursing care (Veenema, 2008). This essential technique for information assortment as overview has been used in light of the fact that this has been the most productive method of gathering information particularly with regards to examining a particular objective populace. As in the given case, the objective populace has been the particular pediatric emergency clinic and subsequently, the most proficient approach to achieve the exploration objective is primarily to consider the pediatric medical clinic through the utilization of overview method. This study has been profoundly proficient in the given case since it permitted the scientists to distinguish the perspectives of enormous number of respondents which has been critical in understanding the formation of culture supporting proof based practice. By and large, the essential information assortment technique as applied as overview has been profoundly compelling from the perspective of gathering information in this examination (Rich, 2008). Key Findings of the Study: In view of the exhibition of the whole research, critical degree of discoveries has been accomplished. As the exploration was engaged towards evaluating the boundaries during the time spent actualizing proof based practice in nursing care, the presentation of research has demonstrated discoveries that there has been slight diminishing in the view of obstructions in executing proof based practice in nursing care. As the examination has been led into two overlay premise, for example, pre-review and a post-overview following one year time span subsequent to actualizing the proof based practice for such time of one year, the investigation discoveries uncovered that the obstructions could be fundamentally decreased from considering the proof based practice. Likewise, the dispersal plan as applied has additionally demonstrated noteworthy degree of effect over other significant nursing regions, for example, increment in the attendant drove IRB considers, and there has additionally been incr ement being obvious concerning proof based practices inside medical attendants. This shows there are both the positive just as negative elements being noted in regard to confirm based practice in nursing care (Straka, Brandt and Brytus, 2013). Discoveries Addressing the Clinical Question: The clinical inquiry that has been considered with the end goal of investigation is proof based practice in nursing. The discoveries as accomplished from this exploration on making a culture of proof based practice in nursing are likewise noteworthy from the perspective of tending to the inquiries on proof based practice. This is for the most part in light of the fact that the investigation centers towards making a culture of proof based consideration, and this fundamental comprehension as for proof based consideration in nursing is pivotal. The survey of this examination article has shown about the hindrances during the time spent making proof based social condition conditions, and it has additionally been evaluated about the noteworthy enhancements that could be conceivable from rehearsing proof based consideration in the field of nursing. This finding as accomplished from the lead of the investigation would be of critical assistance from the point of view of tending to the examina tion question that has been presented. These discoveries about clinical nursing would thusly be viewed as profoundly suitable from the perspective of the clinical inquiry on proof based consideration as considered. References Rich, V. (2008). Production of a Patient Safety Culture: A Nurse Executive Leadership Imperative. AHRQ Publication. Straka, K.L., Brandt, P. what's more, Brytus, J. (2013), Brief Report: Creating a Culture of Evidence-Based Practice and Nursing Research in a Pediatric Hospital, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, Vol. 28, pp. 374-378. Schyve, P. M. (2009). Authority in social insurance associations: a manual for Joint Commission administration guidelines. Springer. Veenema, T.G. (2008). ReadyRN: Handbook for Disaster Nursing and Emergency Preparedness, second ed., Elsevier Health Sciences.
Monday, July 20, 2020
DCs Young Animal Round-up, Part One
DCs Young Animal Round-up, Part One Over the past and next few weeks, DCs new imprint Young Animal is launching a number of new titles. Charles Paul Hoffman and I are sharing our thoughts on each comic in a back and forth discussion. First up: Doom Patrol #1+2 and Shade The Changing Girl #1. Doom Patrol: From Doom Patrol #1 by Gerard Way, Nick Derington, and Tamra Bonvillain CPH: Okay, confession time. Before the Young Animal launch, I had never read any of these books before, and had never even heard of Cave Carson. (Mother Panic is all new, right?) So, I have been going into these totally blind. And⦠itâs definitely been an experience. Issue #1 starts off normal enough, with Casey Brinkeâs life as an ambulance driver, but it quickly veers far off into the absurd. Not just the tiny society living on her partnerâs gyro, but the single page âWhatâs Going on with Niles Caulderâ aside (thereâs another in the second issue), the fast food franchisers from outer space, the singing-dancing new roommate who accidentally blows up Caseyâs old roommate⦠As I finished the issue, I had a serious âWTF did I just readâ sensation. So, of course, I proceeded right on to issue #2, which was totally more of the same. Thereâs a plot here, but itâs buried underneath what feels like a comic script written by Hunter S. Thompson thatâs been translated into Mandarin and then back into English. Maybe this makes more sense if youâve actually read Doom Patrol before? TM: My experience with the Doom Patrol goes as far as Grant Morrisonâs run and their cameos in different DC events, and I ate up both issues like the multi-flavored burritos they are. There are lots of seeming non-sequiturs that are cute winks to Doom Patrol fans that the band is getting back together. I am fine with Way, Derington, and Bonvillain taking their time to introduce a proper arc that pulls everyone together. Randomness for its own sake can be irritating, but I am all about Young Animalâs approach for now. From Doom Patrol #1 by Gerard Way, Nick Derington, and Tamra Bonvillain Add to your Hunter S. Thompson and retranslations the meta-influence of Doom Patrolâs return during DC Rebirth and Vertigo reshuffling. Cliff is struggling to stay in one piece as always, but so is DCâs publishing line, effectively segmenting Vertigo into this Young Animal side avenue under Way. The Casey Brinke protagonist stand-in cycles between a job and videogames, and gets shocked into paying attention. I wonder how many of Wayâs followers were weirded into reading more than one issue, let alone track #1 of a new comics series? You had a âWTFâ experience, Charles. Was it fun? CPH: Yeah, it was definitely fun for a couple of issues. And there is a real sense that this is, as you say, the âgetting the band back togetherâ intro arc before we get into the ongoing adventures. So, Iâll be here at least through the end of this arc before making the decision whether this needs to go on my pull list or just isnât for me. Shade the Changing Girl: From Shade The Changing Girl #1 by Cecil Castelucci, Marley Zarcone, and Kelly Fitzpatrick CPH: Funny story: I read Shade the Changing Girl #1 before Doom Patrol and I initially thought it was a tad hard to follow, but in retrospect itâs like a well-organized five paragraph essay next to DP. I really liked STCG. Maybe a tiny bit more background would have been helpful for new readers, but I guess all you really need to know is that Loma is a disaffected alien looking for a new adventure, she steals Rac Shadeâs madness coat, and inhabits the body that Megan Boyer wasnât really using. Watching Loma interact with Meganâs family and âfriendsâ has been a lot of fun so far. Weâre slowly getting the sense that Megan was a genuinely terrible person, and it will be interesting to see how Loma rebuilds Meganâs life and relationships (or not, as the case may be). The creative teamâ"all women, I might note!â"has done a fantastic job so far of creating an environment infused with madness. Not just the madness of Loma and Shadeâs madness coat, which manifests in Zarcone and Fitzpatrickâs psychedelic imagery, but also the insanity of everyday life. Thereâs a real potential here to dig into some issues we donât usually see in comics, such as how living as a teenage girl in the deeply sexist American society is enough to drive one mad. Iâm really loving STCG so far, and hope it gets a nice long run to explore these issues. From Shade The Changing Girl #1 by Cecil Castelucci, Marley Zarcone, and Kelly Fitzpatrick TM: Part of my enjoyment of Young Animalâs material so far comes from the difficulty of spotting the âtetherâ between each bookâs status quo and where itâs heading. A lot of superhero burnout can come from watching the limits of a bookâs setup stretch to the same limit over and over until the reader sees the tether before itâs even moved. Shade The Changing Girl, though? I felt a lot like you did during Doom Patrol, Charles. I had no reference point that wasnât built in real time, scene for scene. The combination of alien society, human society, and recurring trippy imagery kept me guessing from scene to scene. Any comic that feels like an ever-changing discovery is worth following. I think Young Animal is two for two in this roundup. What about you? CPH: Agree. Iâm not sure Iâll stick around long-term for DP, but pretty much everyone else seems to adore the book, and STCG is promising a perspective we donât see a lot in Big 2 comics. So far, the Young Animal relaunch is reminding me of the best of 1990s Vertigo, but with a contemporary flair. (Probably not a huge surprise, since both Doom Patrol and Shade, the Changing Man were in the Vertigo lineup when the imprint launched.) Hereâs hoping it succeeds like early Vertigo in bringing that odd, uncanny voice to a mass audience. TM: Heres hoping that any resemblance to the 90s fades away to transform into an all-new kind of touchingly weird. Thats it for Part One! Well see you next time to discuss Cave Carson Has A Cybernetic Eye and Mother Panic. Sign up to The Stack to receive Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
A Research On Stem Cell Research - 924 Words
The scientific knowledge gained from stem cell research has proven very useful, yet the knowledge did not come without the destruction of human embryos. According to Healy, Bernadine P. ââ¬Å"The Government Must Regulate Stem Cell Researchâ⬠, â⬠stem cellsâ⬠come from human embryo or fetus that is at its first stage of development in which it is in its single cell form before it starts its development stage or complex stage (Bernadine). What this means is, stem cells, at its single cell stage doesnââ¬â¢t have any function, however, scientist have figured out how to transform stem cell into just about anything they want them to be. For instance, scientist are using stem cells and changing them to anything that is practical to the human body such as grow muscle, skin, nerves and even human appendages. In spite of the advances that have been made because of stem cell research, and the entire groundbreaking medical and scientific advances, scientists want to start clone farming human embryos to further scientific research since human embryos are hard to come by. The problem that comes with stem cell research is the idea that human embryos are very well human being and they need to be treated as such. In Frankenstein, Victor creates a monster out of ââ¬Å"human body partsâ⬠of dead corpses by stitching them together and bringing it to life, yet Victor refuses to think of his creation as a human being. In Frankenstein, Victor sees his creation come to life after two whole years of scientificShow MoreRelatedStem Research On Stem Cell Research1747 Words à |à 7 PagesEnglish 111-36 25 November 2014 Stem Cell Research Stem cell research has cultivated a new, miraculous study in the health field. The study has led to an increase in curing diseases over the past couple of decades. Before stem cell research, diseases were destroying and devastating lives continuously on end. With the use of stem cells in modern time, diseases are no longer taking control of lives. The innovation in biomedical technology, such as stem cell research, has greatly impacted the understandingRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1271 Words à |à 6 Pages! ! ! Stem Cells Research ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Jabaree Shipp English III NCVPS Mrs.Gallos 8, December 2014 ! ! ! ! ! ! Throughout most of our lifetime on Earth many have pondered the thought of how they and the things around them have been created. They wondered what makes grass grow to what makes themselves grow mentally and physically. Through extensive research and major advancements in technology over these years, decades, and centuries we still have no answer to our own questions. But, we do howeverRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1318 Words à |à 6 Pagesknown as Stem Cell Research (SCR). Stem Cell Research is a relatively new field that has shown much promise to help deal with hundreds of different conditions and diseases. Though this astounding field holds the key to saving thousands of lives, there is a misguided ethical problem with Stem Cell Research raised by the church. The church only focuses on one aspect of harvesting stem cells when there is more than one way to get stem cells. This isnââ¬â¢t the only thing that is holding SCR back. Stem CellRead MoreStem Research : Stem Cell Research1692 Words à |à 7 Pages Stem Cell Research As stem cell research progresses, it is essential that we think about the issues encompassing our future. One of the exceptionally debated topics, stem cell research, is gathering a lot of information. Stem cell research is as of now is legal in many nations. The united states, regularly a pioneer in all things new and energizing is one of the last to investigate this topic. 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Prior to researching this topic, I feel that any research that can help prevent or cure diseases, than the research should receive full funding and support. What Are Stem Cells? Stem cells were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr. James Till and Dr. Ernest McCulloch, professors at the University of TorontoRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research1582 Words à |à 7 Pagesis beginning to fall behind in its advancement in research compared to the rest of the world due, to the lack of federal funding. One advancement which creates conflicts and dilemmas is stem cell research. The conflicts are specific types of stem cells are unethical and not morally right to research on, but not all stem cells are this way. Stem cell research is the study of different types of stem cells and their possible clinical uses. Stem cells can be developed to act as treatments for differentRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research Essay1708 Words à |à 7 Pages Stem Cell Research James A Merritt PIMA Medical institute Embryonic stem cell research is a controversial topic. In the religious aspect its man trying to play the authority of GOD on whether people should live, die or suffer from ailments and injuries. On a scientific and medical aspect it is compassionate people lookingRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research1459 Words à |à 6 Pagesmany possible methods. Stem cell research is a recent discovery that brings intense controversy: one side believes that the research is beneficial to the advancement of finding medical treatments and technologies, and the other questions whether the studies and experiments done in the field are ethical. Before understanding the history of stem cell research, one must understand its possibility of being used to cure people with medical problems, and that continued research will bring many new andRead MoreResearch On Stem Cell Research1731 Words à |à 7 PagesProhibit Stem Cell Research Many individuals believe that the beginning of stem cell research began in the early 2000s. However, the history of stem cell research can be traced back to the mid 1800s, when the make-up of human life, known as cells, were discovered (Solter 2006). Without this discovery, stem cell research would cease to exist. Prior to what has become known as stem cell research, scientists began studying embryonic stem cells using mouse embryos in 1981, which makes stem cell research
Comparision of Korean Japanese and Chinese cuisine Free Essays
Cuisine Is a culture also appear in particular region by deferent types. Each types of cuisine Is unique and deserve us to cherish. As they are according to different preference, split and tradition to form. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparision of Korean Japanese and Chinese cuisine or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thatââ¬â¢s why we need to explore the inheritance of sullen culture. Afterwards, I will compare Chinese cuisine, Japanese cuisine and Korean cuisine, then find out the difference and the among them. Firstly, about the culture of Chinese cuisine. It has strong influence on a lots of Asia countries. Carbohydrates is the basic element, such as rice and noodles. Chinese people emphasize the color, smell, taste, meaning and form. As China has different region, it divide lots of styles. But the most well-known are the Cantonese cuisine, Sandhog cuisine, Jungian cuisine and Schuman cuisine. Secondly, about the culture of Japanese cuisine. It also based on rice and noodle, such as don. However, their feature is fresh fish and miss soup. Japanese cuisine tend to use the five basic condiments to enrich the natural flavors of food. The five basic condiments are showy, sake, mall, dash and salt. There also have some combination of the culture of foreign countries. For example, Ramee come from the Chinese and curry come from the British. Thirdly, about the culture of Korean sullen. It based on rice, meat and vegetable, but their feature is spicy. Korean people are clever, they think that grilled meat is headiness, as too headiness may cause damage to body, so they use the cool food such as Chime to remove headiness. Korean cuisine mainly are light and less greasy food. About the differences. Chinese chopsticks, Japanese chopsticks and Korean chopsticks are totally different. Chinese chopsticks have flat head, Japanese chopsticks have pointed head, Korean chopsticks are made by metal. Chinese chopsticks aims to clip foods, as they have contraindication is that they canââ¬â¢t use hopscotch to needle food, and needle food means worship their ancestors. But Japanese chopsticks alms to needle food, as they like to eat sashimi, also It Is slippery and difficult to clip It. Korean people Like to eat grilled meat, so their chopsticks are made by mental In order to prevent morph because of the heat from the charcoal stoves. It Is also convenient to wash it. About the cooking methods of Chinese cuisine, Japanese cuisine and Korean cuisine. There are a various of cooking methods of Chinese cuisine, they are fried, cooked, leavened, boiled, braised, steamed, grilled, stir, simmer and rinseâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ Etc. You can see that Chinese cuisineââ¬â¢s making steps are complicated. Moreover, Chinese people are very care about the level of attainment, because it will effect the mouthful of the food. Japanese cuisine mainly are fresh ingredients, especially sea foods. For examples, sashimi and sushi. In contrast, Chinese people are not encouraged to eat raw food. Another famous types of Japanese cuisine is Sailed, It made by art. It will be decorated beautifully, but the amount Is small. The cooking methods of Korean cuisine mainly are barbecue and pickled, both of them hope to complement one another. Because cool food can equalize hatless food. In addition, Korean sullen Like to mixing. For examples, Bambina which means mixed rice and will put all the ingredients inside the sizzling Chinese cuisineââ¬â¢s raw materials are diverse and complex, as China have different types of areas. They have prairie to feed animals and ocean to catch fishes. Furthermore, rice is still Chinese cuisineââ¬â¢s main element. However, Japan and Korea have limited land area, their raw materials are more focusing but not have large varieties. As Japan is a sea island, their sea foods are abundant. But Japanese cuisine moieties may combined some foreign cuisine, so they may use some of the foreign raw materials as their raw materials, such as spaghetti. It proves that Japan is an international country. Rice is the emphasis of Korean cuisine, meat and fresh vegetable also included. Meats are for grilling. Besides, fresh vegetable for marinating Chime. Thatââ¬â¢s indeed healthy. About the beverages, there also have a huge difference. Chinese main beverages are tea, Bijou and herbal drinks. Tea can deal with the problem of indigestion, such as black tea, long tea and green tea. Bijou is a white wine, and it made from rice, corn or wheat. Herbal drinks are similar as tea, but herbal drinks have medical benefits also made from medicinal herbs. Japanese main beverages are Japanese green tea, SSHà ¶chiÃ'Ë and Sake. Japanese green tea which is made in Japan and have a positive effect on human. SSHà ¶chiÃ'Ë is one kind of distilled wine and it made from buckwheat, wheat or riceâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ Etc. Sake is made from a variety of rice, so it is also a rice wine. It is common in Japanese restaurants. The best known Korean beverages are Korean beer, Yak and juju. About the Keenan beer, Korean people use rice to replace barley, so that the taste will be more sweeter ND lighter. Yak is Korean traditional rice wine, also is most formers one of their favorite. Juju mainly made from grain and rice. You can see that Korea has a high level of using rice as cuisine. About the etiquette of diet, Chinese, Japanese and Korean so care about it. Before having a meal, Japanese people will shout ââ¬Å"dissimilarâ⬠to thank for the food. But Chinese people and Korean people will eat after ones elders eats. Furthermore, Japanese people like to eat noodles with slurping sound, it means appreciate for the chief. But for Chinese people and Korean people, they think it is unacceptable. Chinese people and Japanese people will use chopsticks to eat rice, however Korean people will use spoon to eat rice also but those rice into the bowl of soup. About the impact among these three countries, long time ago, China was the most influential country among East Asia. Rice and chopsticks were imported by China, so Japan and Korea absorbed this Chinese culture. Nowadays, you can see that Japan and Korea have developed their own feature of cuisine culture. Also, population grow because of the spread of the rice. The culture of Chinese cuisine encourage to cut up the food into little pieces, as they need to use hopscotch to pick up. Smaller pieces of food may be more easier to pick, also the size suits our mouth and it will cook more faster. This import to Japan and Korea, you can see most of their meal will be cut up into small pieces. It is crystal clear that Tofu and Ramee are very important to Japanese cuisine, it also imported by China. Japanese people transform these materials successfully but still keep the style of Japan. Japanese people transform tofu into egg tofu, it is more sweet and smooth. Moreover, Japanese people turn Ramee into Japanese Ramee, it is more attractive and famous than before. Additionally, Korean people like to pickle some fresh vegetable, such as cabbage and cucumber. How to cite Comparision of Korean Japanese and Chinese cuisine, Papers
Sunday, April 26, 2020
John Cage an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by
John Cage by Expert Ellah PHD | 22 Dec 2016 John Milton Cage is among the most mysterious figures, who managed to reach the Bohemian Olympus, moreover, to maintain their status, as his professional development occurred throughout his whole life span. Cage seems to have exceeded his own time, thats why he is often declared as a scandalous figure as well: Zen Buddhist, vanguard philosopher, writer and composer, who interpreted his own music as purposeless play, which, however, is an affirmation of life not an attempt to bring order out of chaos, nor to suggest improvements in creation, but simply to wake up to the very life we are living, which is so excellent once one gets ones mind and desires out the way and lets ot act of its own accord (Cage, 1991, p. 158). The present paper is designed to discuss both biography and creative heritage of John Cage. Need essay sample on "John Cage" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Very Often Tell EssayLab specialists: I'm don't want to write my essay. Because I don't have the time Essay writers suggest: Things Go Better Academic Paper Writing Services Get Paid To Write Papers For Students Best Essay Writing Service Write My Essay Online Reviews Cage was born in Los Angeles in 1912 and originated from a Scottish family. His father was a creative personality, a famous inventor, who used to teach his son in the following statement: of someone says cant, that shows you what to do (Cage, 1991, p. 158). His mother, on the contrary, was a strict woman with strong common sense, who, in addition, was Episcopalian (Dyson, 1992) and therefore hated violin as a devils instrument and tried to prevent his son from studying music. As the composer writes (Cage, 1991; Nyman, 1974), his aspiration to create became consciousness at Pomona College, when he was shocked to see all his classmates reading the same book in the library. In order to manifest his protest, he took a book, whose authors name began with Z and received the highest grade in the class on the next day (Nyman, 1974). In his opinion, Cage made a right conclusion and alleged that the institution didnt work appropriately; consequently, he dropped out in the second year and moved to Europe, where he began to write his first pieces of audio art (Dyson, 1992). Nevertheless, he was dissatisfied with his work as architects apprentice and thus returned to America in 1931. His interest in his motherland was completely renovated after he read Walt Whitmans Leaves of Grass, so he decided to make famous both himself and his native state and ped into the art of composition, comprehending and learning it with such celebrities as Richard Buhlig, Adolph Weiss, Henry Cowell and Arnold Schoenberg (Dyson, 1992). Schoenberg agreed to teach Cage for free, but put forth an important condition the young prodigy was supposed to devote his life to music Cage agreed without any redundant reflections. Cage remembers Schoenbergs tutorship as a contradictory experience: After I have been studying with his for two years, Schoenberg said: In order to write, you must have a feeling for harmony. I explained to him that I had no feeling for harmony. He then said I would always encounter an obstacle, that it would be as though I came to a wall through which I could not pass. I said, In that case I will devote my life to beating my head against that wall. (Kostelanetz, 1990, p. 295). After these studies, the composer got preoccupied with serialism, which he used to explain with his humor as the application of holistic and democratic ideals, so that the certain pitches did not predominate over the others. Soon, his experimentation with percussion and non-traditional instruments began, so he gradually replaced harmony with rhythm (Nyman, 1974). Furthermore, he employed Anton Weberns and Eric Saties approaches to music, which prescribed structuring pieces in accordance with the duration of the section or episode (Kostelanetz, 1990; Sumner et al, 1986). In 1935 he married a Russian immigrant artist, Xenia Kashevaroff. Towards the end of the 1930s, the composer began to attend the Cornish School of the Arts and was at the same time hired in Seattle as an accompanist for dancers his most prominent work in this field was the project Bacchanale (Dyson, 1992; Sumner et al, 1986), which constituted a dance for Syvilla Fort. Due to the fact that the music was supposed to create the atmosphere of a Bacchanalia, Cage attempted to adjust percussion and other music instruments to the dance and began to put metal objects (screws, bolts and so forth) on the tops of or between the strings of his piano and really enjoyed the subsequent melody. Thus, his concept of prepared piano (Sumner et al, 1986) came into being similarly to his teacher Henry Cowell, he also viewed the instrument as an incomplete tool, which needed additional improvement, depending upon the situation (Sumner et al, 1986). The Sonatas and Interludes of 1946-48 are widely seen as Cages greatest work for prepared piano. Pierre Boulez was one of its admirers, and he organized the European premiere of the work. Around this time the two composers struck up a correspondence, but this stopped when they came to a disagreement over Cages use of chance in his music (Dyson, 1992, p. 382). In Cages opinion, the chance was an important step towards the refined art. His later work, entitled First Construction (In Metal) was less disordered, comparing to the Sonatas and Interludes, where he left much more freedom for a composer and created different versions of the prepared piano. Cages First Construction (In Metal) consisted of rhythmic and cold music, produced by percussion instruments, which sometimes is structures into a peculiar march, but further changes the rhythm (Kostelanetz, 1990). In the middle of the 1940s, Cage met choreographer and dancer Merce Cunningham (Nyman, 1974), for whom he would write a number of pieces. In several years, the composer adopted Zen Buddhism as his philosophy of life and began to add the elements of mystery and existential themes into his pieces of art. Approximately at the same time Cage employed the I Ching, the Book of Changes in order to determine the structure of his new composition. For instance his, Imaginary Landscape No.4 was created under the influence of this writing (Furlong, 1994) for twelve radio receivers. Each radio has two players; one to control the frequency the radio is tuned to, the other to control the volume level. Cage wrote very precise instructions in the score about how the performers should set their radios and change them over time, but he could not control the actual sound coming out of them, which was dependent on whatever radio shows were playing at the time of performance (Furlong, 1994, p. 63). The composition therefore was not performed in accordance with the prescriptions and sounded then in the indeterminate mode; as a result, his later pieces had been long rejected by orchestras, as the major responsibility for the successful and appropriate structuring was placed upon the performer, rather than the composer. Although the Concept for Piano and Orchestra and Atlas Eclipticalis were intended for a symphonic orchestra, they had been viewed as a taboo by conservative musicians, who talent was nurtured in conservatoriums, up to the middle of the 1970s (Dyson, 1992, Furlong, 1994). In parallel with his experiment, Cage visited the anaechoic chamber, where all surfaces were designed to absorb all sounds, where he wished to hear the true silence, but instead heard two sounds, one of which was louder, another one lower. He informed the engineer on his finding, but, as Cage remembers in his autobiographic sketch (Cage, 1991), the specialist explained that the louder sound referred to the work of his nervous system, and the lower one to his blood circulation. For many years Cage was searching for a totally soundless and quit place and concluded that merely death was likely to eliminate all sounds (Nyman, 1974). His understanding of the impossibility of silence as embodied in his most extraordinary composition entitled 433 (Dyson, 1992), which, however, was composed of several rhythmic silent episodes, as he later argued. The title can be interpreted also as 273 seconds, and due to the fact that minus 273 C is the absolute zero, the lowest temperature which can be achieved, so the author also tried to produce a background, or zero-level, from which the noise and sound derive and develop. The premiere of the composition took place in 1952 and was performed by David Tudor. The audience saw him sit at the piano and lift the lid of the piano. Some time later, without having played any notes, he closed the lid. A while after that, again having played nothing, he lifted the lid. And after a further period of time, he closed the lid once more and rose from the piano (Dyson, 1992, p. 400). The audiences reaction was ambivalent; some visitors left the auditorium in the middle of the performance, others began to whisper to one another thus, the piece was a great opportunity for everyone to hear themselves and realize that even in the silent settings, the sound penetrates the accommodation. As Cage later alleged, There is no such thing as silence. Something is always happening that makes a sound (Kostelanetz, 1990, p. 293). This work can be compared to Malevichs Black Square: in the darkness and homogeneity of the illustration, everyone finds certain hidden senses and meanings, moreover, adjusts this interpretation to the conditions of his own life and might even decide that the square is in fact the prophecy concerning his own life. Similarly, the contradictory piece inescapably results in the search for a deeper understanding and probably in the attempt to tie the structure and the nature of the composition to the existing political or social problems. In fact, Cage was absolutely apolitical and to great extent asocial, as he never vacillated between daring oppose the minoritys opinion and daring not. As Cage writes, I have spent many pleasant hours in the woods conducting performances of my silent piecefor an audience of myself, since they were much longer than the popular length which I have published. At one performancethe second movement was extremely dramatic, beginning with the sounds of a buck and a doe leaping up to within ten feet of my rocky podium (Snyder, 1992, p. 62). 433 can also be compared to the piece, written ten years later and entitled with the similar simplification 00. Cage decided to perform this composition by himself, as it included merely the sound of slicing vegetables, putting them into a blender and drinking the resulting juice (Nyman, 1974). In my opinion, both compositions are designed for giving no heed of them on the contrary, inpiduals need to conduct introspection and involve into the useful process of thinking and reflecting while listening. Cages philosophy is also experimental and consists of the following writings: silence (1961), A Year From Monday (1968), M (19730, Empty Words (1979), X (1983) and Anarchy (1988). Most of them are written under the influence of Joyces Ulysses and his concept of consciousness flow, as the books usually narrate about the different days of Cages life, his essays easily switch from one year to another and provide not merely textual image, but are also intended to construct the readers hearing and seeing of the events (Dyson, 1992). Furthermore, from the late sixties Cage was also active as a visual artist, working on annual projects at Crown Point Press, from which he produced a series of drawings, prints and watercolors (Sumner, 1986, p. 263). At the same time, the composer didnt give up the art he was really faithful to and continued to create music, including the re-interpretations of his earlier works: for instance, the Litany for the Whale (1980) to great extent resemble his Hymns and Variations (1979), whereas his cheap Imitation is designed as a rebirth of Saties Socrate. Just before his death, Cage created One 11, the silent piece, which consists of images and electric light, which, in his opinion, should highlight the spaces, used in the work and demonstrate that they are not empty. The composer therefore knew no spiritual emptiness or exhaustion even in his last days. Cage died on August, 12, 1992. To sum up, Cages creative works were a true novelty and therefore influenced a number of artists and composers. In addition, one can conclude from the paper that the major value in Cages life was freedom: I am for birds, not for the cages people put them in (Snyder, 1992, p. 62). In fact, the compositions like 433 could be created only by an independent person, who didnt care about public opinion and oriented to his own ideas and perceptions. Reference Cage, J. 1991. An Autobiographical Statement. Southwest Review, 12: 154-178. Dyson, F. 1992. The Ear that Would Hear Sounds in Themselves: John Cage, in Wireless Imagination. Sound, Radio, Avant-Garde, edited by D.Kahn and G.Whitehead. Cambridge (Massachusetts), the MIT Press, pp. 373-408. Furlong, W. 1994. John cage, in Discourse and Practice in Contemporary Art, edited by W.Furlong. London, Academy Editions, pp. 62-64. Kostelanetz, R. 1990. John Cage on Radio and Audio Tape, in Sound by Artists, Art Metropole and Walter Phillips Gallery, edited by D.Lander and M.Lexier. Toronto, Banff, pp. 289-300. Nyman, M. 1974. Experimental Music. Cage and Beyond. New York: Harper. Snyder, E. 1992. John Cage Discusses Fluxus. Fluxus, Vol. 26 (1-2), pp.59-68. Sumner, M., Burch, K. and Sumner, M. 1986. The guests go in to supper. John Cage, Robert Ashley, Yoko Ono, laurie Anderson, Charles Amirkhanian, Michael Rappe. San Francisco, Burning Books.
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